Tom Friedman

Green China: Friend or foe?

January 10, 2010

Barely a week goes by without new evidence of the greening of China. This is great news for the planet—but some people say it’s bad for the U.S.

Are they right to worry?

What got me thinking about this was a phone conversation the other day with Bill Gross, the brilliant and tireless entrepreneur who is the chief executive of eSolar and a founder of electric-car startup Aptera.

Bill was calling with great news for eSolar, a Pasadena, Ca-based firm that makes software and equipment for utility-scale solar thermal power plants. This weekend in Beijing, eSolar announced a deal with a Chinese electrical-power manufacturer to build at least 2 gigawatts (2,000 megawatts) of solar thermal power plants over the next 10 years, beginning with a 92-megawatt plant that will break ground this year.

ESolar power plant

ESolar power plant

“China is really moving fast to implement as many green technologies as they can, to become experts at them and to scale them up,” Bill told me. “It’s a statement that China is thinking about clean energy for the long term.”

I’m hearing this more and more. Tulsi Tanti, who runs a big Indian wind power company called Suzlon, told me last month in Copenhagen that China is his biggest market. My blogging colleague Jesse Jenkins (at The Energy Collective) has written about a report from the Breakthrough Institute, where he works, called Rising Tigers, Sleeping Giant (available here as a PDF) that argues, among other things, that:

Asia’s rising “clean technology tigers” – China, Japan, and South Korea – have already passed the United States in the production of virtually all clean energy technologies, and over the next five years, the government’s of these nations will out-invest the United States three-to-one in these sectors.

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2008: Goodbye to all that

December 30, 2008

No, Robert Graves fans, I don’t mean to suggest that 2008 was as bad as trench warfare during WWI. But it was an undeniably dismal year in the world of business and sustainability. We had the financial crisis, the depressing recession, plummeting stock prices, shrinking 401-k’s, Wall Street shenanigans (to put it mildly), the train wreck known as Bernie Madoff, auto companies on the brink, the worst year ever for journalism, an average gasoline price of $1.61, and mass layoffs (including my own) that made “job security” into the newest oxymoron.

2009, bring it on!

Being a chronic optimistic, I’m going to bid 2008 goodbye by finding a few silver linings in the events of recent months, beginning with the obvious and moving on to the not-so:

1. Barack Obama. Still hard to believe that America elected an African-American president, who also happens to be really smart, thoughtful, a good listener and a problem solver. I’m really impressed by his enviro team and by the new education secretary, Arne Duncan. And did you know that Obama is an exercise nut? My favorite post-election Obama story is this one from the Washington Post, reporting that he has worked out for at least 90 minutes a day for 48 days in a row. Next time someone you know says he or she doesn’t have time for a workout, send them the link. At least when it comes to exercise, my plan for 2009 is to be like Barack.

2. The recession. Because it will lead to a stimulus package which, if we are smart as a country, will provide long-lasting and long-overdue benefits. If we spend money on energy efficiency (see my friend Matt Wald’s New York Times article on weatherization), renewable energy, rebuilding the electricity grid and mass transportation, we’ll be investing in a more sustainable future for America.

3. The Wall Street meltdown. But only if it leads to corporate governance reform, probably the single biggest problem that cries out for fixing in corporate America. One of the very big questions raised by the failures of Bear Stearns, Lehman Brothers and AIG, as well as the woes of Citi, Merrill Lynch and others is this: Where were the directors? The WSJ editorial page  got this issue exactly right in an editorial on Citi:

“Citi never sleeps,” says the bank’s advertising slogan. But its directors apparently do. While CEO Vikram Pandit can argue that many of Citi’s problems were created before he arrived in 2007, most board members have no such excuse. Former Treasury Secretary Robert Rubin has served on the Citi board for a decade. For much of that time he was chairman of the executive committee, collecting tens of millions to massage the Beltway crowd, though apparently not for asking tough questions about risk management….

Chairman Sir Win Bischoff has held senior positions at Citi since 2000. Six other directors have served for more than 10 years — including former CIA Director John Deutch, Time Warner Chairman Richard Parsons, foundation executive Franklin Thomas, former AT&T CEO C. Michael Armstrong, Alcoa Chairman Alain Belda, and former Chevron Chairman Kenneth Derr.

When taxpayers are being asked to provide the equivalent of $1,000 each in guarantees on Citi’s dubious investments, how can these men possibly say they deserve to remain on the board?

How, indeed? The single best thing the new SEC can do is allow shareholders to directly nominate directors of the companies they own. Until then, “shareholder democracy” will remain a joke.

4. Bernie Madoff. What on earth were people thinking when they entrusted this guy with their money? Here, too, there is a lesson that can be learned: It’s long past time for nonprofits and foundations (not to mention the rest of us) to align their investing with their mission. Here’s an interesting albeit lengthy report on the topic from the Rockefeller Philanthropy Advisors, complete with case studies on how some foundations have pursued what the report calls “missing-related investing.”

5. Cheap gas. I fear this will lead to a resurgence in SUV sales but I hope it provides a political opening for one of the simplest and most effective responses to the problem of climate change and the quest for more energy security: a gasoline tax. The other day in The Times, Tom Friedman argued for a gas tax in a column headlined Win, Win, Win, Win, Win. So did Arthur Laffer, in an op-ed touting An Emissions Plan Conservatives Could Warm To. Laffer put it simply:

We need to impose a tax on the thing we want less of (carbon dioxide) and reduce taxes on the things we want more of (income and jobs).

Charles Krauthammer has a long, thoughtful piece, making the arguments in more detail, in The Weekly Standard.

On a personal note, I’ve learned in the four weeks since losing my job at FORTUNE that I have a lot of friends and even a few fans—and that as one door closes, others will open.

I’m genuinely excited about 2009. Happy new year, everyone!

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After a long day on the conference circuit, I can report that the mood among business people is simultaneously grim (because of the economy) and hopeful (about the Obama administration and his economic team.) Today, I heard from, among others, Hank Paulson, Tom Friedman, Madeline Albright, management guru Jim Collins, Fred Smith (founder and CEO of Fedex), Ed Rendell and Carol Browner—how that’s for name dropping?—and chatted informally with a bunch of senior business execs at the FORTUNE 500 Forum and an earlier lunch at the Center for American Progress. The theme that’s emerging is the headline of this blogpost: That a crisis is a terrible thing to waste. That quote, by the way, is variously attributed to economist Paul Romer, Merck’s CEO Dick Clark, Obama aide Rahm Emanuel and Eric Schmidt of Google and it has become the cliché of the moment.

Some highlights from the palaver:

Paulson, as usual, stuck to his script, even during an unscripted q-and-a with FORTUNE’s Andy Serwer. He sounded less optimistic than he has before—clearly, he won’t be around as Treasury Secretary for long enough to see his tireless efforts to stabilize the financial system lead to a broader economic recovery. His “crisis” argument is that we need to better regulate financial institutions like hedge funds and instruments like derivatives, and come up with ways that unwind non-bank institutions so that future bailouts can be avoided. Paulson said, “We need to get to a place in this country where no institution is too big or too interconnected to fail.” He was quite gracious in his praise for his successor, Tim Geithner.

Friedman did his “green is the new red white and blue” shtick very well—hey, he’s been on tour for three months, he said, for his new book, Hot Flat and Crowded (which I liked but not as much as I wanted to). The Timesman cautioned that the economic crisis ought not to be used for government spending programs, even “green” ones, unless they lay a foundation for future growth. “We are charging this bailout on our kids Visa cards,” he said. “We owe it to them to spend the money wisely.” Friedman also said he was “disgusted” by the performance of auto executives who came to Washington on private jets to ask for government help, without a turnaround plan. “The term bail more than bailout represents how we should be thinking about them,” Friedman said. Ouch.

Albright, interviewed at a FORTUNE dinner at the state department, said bluntly, “I don’t think I’ve ever seen the world in such a mess.” (“That’s a diplomatic term,” she added.) She identified Pakistan as the hotspot that most concerns her because it has nuclear weapons, extremist groups, poverty, corruption and a weak government. (I won’t bring that up tomorrow, when I’m having dinner at the Pakistan Embassy.) But she, too, sees hope amidst the gloom: “Barack Obama’s election is the most amazing thing that could have been done for Brand USA.”

Rendell, the Pennsylvania governor, had a “green” idea that was new to me: Permanently ground the NY-D.C. airplane shuttles and replaed them with speedier Amtrak service. (Planes use more fuel and generate more greenhouse gases than do trains.) A side benefit: “Getting rid of the shuttle would ease congestion at LaGuardia, Newark, Philadelphia and BWI,” he said. He also said he’d heard that you can microwave tires to generate energy, to which Browner replied: “Don’t try that at home.”

Collins delivered a great talk on managing through turbulence at the FORTUNE forum that I won’t try to summarize. He did speak, as he often does, about the importance of core values—to companies and to people. “Those who prevail have a set of values that they go back to, no matter what the world throws at them, and they are not negotiable,” he said. The irony is that those who understand that their values trump even the need to survive have the best chance of coming through hard times. A company’s values and purpose, Collins said, provide “the answer to the question, why is it important that we continued to fight.?” He quoted advice given to him after he lost an academic job by management guru Peter Drucker: “The question is not how do you survive? The question is, how do you make yourself useful?” His final words to the crowd: “Go out and make yourself useful.”

Finally, I moderated what I thought was a lively discussion about energy policy at the FORTUNE forum with FedEx’s Smith, former Bush administration energy official Andy Karsner, Glenn Prickett of Conservation International and Shell Oil president Marvin Odum. There was a surprising degree of unanimity around what the Obama energy policy should be: figure out a way to put a price on carbon emissions (most favored a carbon tax over a cap and trade system), set stricter national standards for building and appliance efficiency, provide longer-term tax breaks for renewable energy and electric cars, and invest more in basic research. It was interesting to me to hear that degree of support for government regulation from a panel that (I’m guessing) was made up of three Republicans and one Democrat. Smith was the only one of the group I’d never met before, and I was impressed; he’s really thoughtful about the question of what markets can do well, and what they can’t, and has devoted lots of his own time to studying energy issues. I’d quote some things he and the others said but I’ve yet to learn how to moderate a panel and take notes at the same time. Happily, no one said that a crisis is a terrible thing to waste.

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